Tourette syndrome, a neurological disorder affecting up to 1% of the population, is characterised by involuntary, rapid, and repetitive movements or vocalisations known as tics. These can include eye darting, head jerking, shoulder shrugging, nose twitching, and vocal sounds such as throat clearing, grunts, or even swearing.
While mild cases may not require treatment, severe symptoms can interfere with daily life, impacting social interactions, school or work performance, and even causing pain or injury.
A recent pilot study, published in Movement Disorders Clinical Practice, examined a novel behavioural intervention to help reduce symptoms. Conducted by researchers at Western Australia’s Perron Institute, the study explored an approach combining two established therapies—Habit Reversal Therapy (HRT) and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT).
“Medical therapy for Tourette syndrome exists but often comes with significant side effects, making alternative treatments essential,” said Clinical Associate Professor Rick Stell, a Movement Disorders Specialist at the Perron Institute Clinic and Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital.
Perron Institute Research Psychologist Jennifer Eisenhauer emphasised the importance of behavioural treatments, noting that European clinical guidelines recommend them as a first-line intervention. “They are more effective than medication and have no side effects,” she explained.
HRT, a well-known behavioural therapy, helps individuals recognise and control tics. ACT, a mindfulness-based psychological intervention, addresses the uncomfortable bodily sensations—such as tingling, tension, or itching—that often precede tics (premonitory urges). Expression of the tic temporarily relieves this discomfort.
“Our study explored how ACT could complement HRT by helping individuals accept and manage these urges more effectively,” Eisenhauer said. “The combination of these therapies has only been investigated in one other study.”
The pilot study included 11 participants recruited through neurology clinics in Perth. Results showed that the HRT + ACT intervention significantly reduced tic severity, with benefits lasting for at least 12 months.
“These findings support further research to compare HRT + ACT with HRT alone,” Eisenhauer noted. “The data will inform a future randomised controlled trial.”
The study also involved contributions from Consultant Neurologist Dr Alison Buckland and statistician Dr Stuart Watson.
